Cleaning of graves
The origins and development of modern cremation
maintenance of graves
In Rome the way of burning public expense spent by class membership. Fully burning was a bigger honor because it was necessary to spend a greater amount of fuel, so the ceremony was reserved for the privileged strata of society, while members of the regiment were poluspaljivani or carbonised at special Garišta. It is shameful the carbonated body and deposed the emperor Nero, Caligula and Tiberius.
However, in
times where the Inquisition burned means a penalty or discrimination in the persecution of witches and heretics, this idea has not met with positive response.
final resting place
Prominent scientists and scholars have come, to encourage prenapučenošću church cemetery due to infectious diseases and plagues that are often decimated the population, again at the thought of burning the dead. Among the first to renewal of the ceremony the second half XVII. century advocated Naldi Mattia, a doctor and a secret adviser to Pope Alexander VII.
History of the ceremony of burning the dead and bury the ashes
By the Middle Ages, the burning and burial of the ashes of the dead constitute a special privilege and honor, and all the prominent people burned at public expense. Denial of such a ceremony was a great shame.
At the present
time appear on the new ideas, so to speak, bury the ashes and dispersed the ashes. This can be done by ash runoff the soil surface or sinking in water.
Incineration is, as already stated, was an expensive ritual, and regularly reserved for wealthy citizens. The poor Romans were burned together on a large stake or to be buried in deep pits block outside the city. The rise of the Roman imperial power following parallel development of Christianity. How are created every day deeper differences between the classes in Rome, so it is quite logical that the impoverished, disenfranchised and oppressed its ideology of hope and salvation from the hopelessness found precisely in Christianity and become followers of the first Christian communities.
laying flowers
Zagreb crematorium and urn of Gaius
burial
In his classic accept poverty Burial (inhumaciju) as a way of burial. Also, according to their faith in the resurrection of the body (which is wrong, because the body is only one of the state of mind) is not acceptable to the destruction of bodies by burning.
Pulling comparisons we can conclude that we are in arrears of at least 50 years. Should be as soon as possible to work on changing the attitudes of people towards the manner of burial and interment of ashes, which would certainly be facilitated by a decrease in funeral costs below those for traditional burials.
The building crematorium is almost indistinguishable from the road, it is incorporated into the shallow zasjekline hill, and his dignified space and depth is evident only when you step into the winding corridors and down to the last port with two ceremonial halls, boats, large and small to look at valley surrounded by woods.
Although we are not able to perform an act of remembrance, we can decorate a home worthy of remembrance. Take, therefore, points to the opportunity to use our skills.
decorate graves
Everybody want these places to be nicely decorated and maintained. Sometimes, people live nearby and have a considerable amount of time and access to such act independently in the time you choose.
There were many ideas and proposals of structures and procedures for the cremation. Among his other proposals were made and Dr. Brunetti from Rovinj, and prof. Richter in Dresden. Their suggestions, however, could not meet generally accepted requirements defined by Dr. Kchenmeister from Dresden, and apply today. According to his definition of combustion technology will be:
- Quickly and completely burn up and upepeliti dead body,
- Meet the ethical and technical moments,
- Completely off all the unpleasant consequences for the environment and the combustion products
- Provide full gathering of the remaining white powder.
Western culture is under the influence of Christianity remained, with rare exceptions, such an attitude, religious scholars, although never expressly forbade cremation of the dead. To strengthen this attitude is credited to Charles the Great, which was prompted by the Catholic Church 785th adopted a provision Capitulare Paderbornense which expressly prohibits the incineration of the dead on behalf of their burial in the church cemeteries.
Cleaning the grave
The first, which is able to meet these principles, was Dr. Siemens, which is for your furnace won First Prize at the open competition of the Academy of Lombardy in Milan 1872nd year, which is already four years after it was made and Europe's first crematorium. That same year, the crematorium was built in Washington. In Gotha 1878th crematorium was opened with a more perfect acting (so-called Siemens-Reclam's stove).
Even the libertinism that took over after the French Revolution when they really achieved a favorable political and psychological conditions for the reintroduction of incineracije idea of ??cremation is not yet come to life. Year 1800.
Yet, in the absence of better solution we defer such a half-solution, and let the necessary arrangement of grave sites for those who are committed to something such.
Flowers
The complete interruption of burning the dead in Europe is still passed around. 500 years. Specifically, under the influence of an imperial decree and Christian notions of resurrection of the body in the further course of time is completely excluded the possibility of burning the dead.
organization of funerals
In the second half of the XIX. century the efforts of German scientists and doctors at the modern and liberal foundations sprang the cremation movement. Thus, the 1869th The doctors at the World Congress in Florence adopted resolutions on the incineration of the dead in the name of the general health and civilization.
Search result - orderly grave
During the sixties of the XIX. century urban cemeteries were overcrowded and had to find and create space for the new cemetery. At that time in Zagreb was 24,000 inhabitants, and ten cemeteries, therefore, more than 2,000 people in a
graveyard - today's Zagreb has twenty-one cemetery ...
24th january 1873rd estate of dr.Ljudevit
Gaj was bought at auction to be redesigned in central Zagreb cemetery. Officially, cemetery was opened on 6 studenog 1876th year.
Statut of common cemetery (November 25th in 1876.) determines this cemetery as a general common cemetery for members of all faiths.
1879th the architect Herman Bollė has started, and 1917th completed the construction of magnificent arcades. 1883. in Mirogoj there were ten large arcade.
Opening Mirogoj acquire the necessary conditions to begin a gradual closure of old cemeteries in Zagreb, which was accompanied by the transfer of certain shares of major monuments in the central cemetery in Zagreb. Mirogoj is convenient and close to the city. Indeed, it became one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the country.
The construction of the mortuary began in 1883rd and was completed in 1886th year. At that time the custom was to lay dead at home in the hearse and is therefore in every sentence in which was mentioned a morgue added circuit sentence "for taking the corpse to the hearse. "
1913th and 1937th action were initiated to change the statute of Mirogoj. Although the new statute was never accepted, it was treated as an accepted and valid regulations. Other provisions are used like the Ordinance for the extended part of the cemetery (1937th), Decision on raising and organizing the
graves (1954th), Statute of the cemetery of Zagreb (1950th). ...
Mirogoj started to spread outside arcades in 1934th up to the north, near present-day postal tower. Expanding the cemetery went in the opposite direction - from north to south, for property legal reasons. Although, the new part of the cemetery is not structured properly like the old, engineer Jeglič with careful preparation of landscape park horticultural solutions achieved the beauty of the area. The cemetery is then expanded until today when it opened up new spaces to the victims and warriors of the war.
The post-war period up to 1962nd year is time without investing in Mirogoj. The walls inside the arcade are almost completely destroyed by rain. Beginning from 1967th the restoration started within the walls and arcades.
1973rd in Mirogoj are 44.362
graves, mostly stonemasons settled, and 2820 were arranged as the mausoleums.
It is a historical diagnosis of Auguste Comte, according to which
society throughout history, tradition and memory consists of a larger number of dead
but of the living.
Tomb is the passport, which legitimizes the buried life (Morin).
Death is certainly ecumenical (meaning: universal).
Most people gave away the "honor and a great
respect for deceased fathers, who lie to the hearth, or elsewhere, not
away from the front door "(Nodilo).
Because - as a civilization
archaic, they will say - "as the living space of the living narrower"
to the dead are more alive nearby.
Edgar Morin suggests
reconciliation of conflicting desires of the living: on the one hand, trying to keep the dead
by my side "because that would not be angry and to
protect them", and in the other hand,
try to avoid his presence. Both conflicting desires of living occurred
already in prehistoric times, as evidenced
graves were found beneath the cave
habitat, on the one hand and the necropolis, on the other side.
The oldest
graves in this region date from the Neolithic and
belong Starčevo impressoceramic culture. This is an
individual skeletal burials in the village, which is held even
during the Copper Age, but as a novelty introduced the ritual of burning and
organization of the cemetery outside of the village. It is interesting that in parallel with the ritual
burning occurs the transgression of the necropolis of the village.
In the Early Neolithic settlements Starčevo culture (southpanonic spaces)
the deceased were buried within the settlement in the burrows and pits, and
from the late neolithic cultures in separate cemeteries outside
settlement of the living. Agrarian (farming) community early
neolithic especially worshiped the Earth as a (first) mother, and death is considered
continuation of life that the deceased returns to Mother Earth, laid on its side in
fetus sleeping position, or perhaps as
fetus ginekomorfologic symbolic of Mother Earth,
entering the regression to the embryonic state before birth.
(excerpt from the book Narodna umjetnost, 2000, S. Marjanić, Vatra kao domovina smrti u Nodilovoj...)
Nevertheless, the custom of decorating and maintenance of the resting place for thousands of years,
only in modern times, sometimes demands of modern life leave no room for everyone
to adequately do what they want for those who are not harvested here.
There appears need for this form of assistance, as we can provide.
Respecting the wishes of the needy we do all acts that make the memories of dignity.
As the first Slavic
graves in the second half of the first millennium "
appear mogili the incinerated dead (Ash)", or as the bunch with
no cup or small bowl. Nodilo
believes that both Serbs and Croats accepted the burial of dead bodies after
removals from the old habitat and after christianization the first of the Slavs "at least called" the
roman burial customs embraced burial in the ground. Like Nodilo Niederle
believes that the burial the Slavs embraced after
christianization, and it was not immediately made, as was created biritual
archaeological time, but also believes that the inhumation in Slavs
before christianisation (for example, the Dnieper, the Danube and the Baltic),
under the Avar and Roman, Byzantine and Frankish influences - most affected by the ban
capitulary Charlemagne from the 785th year, but
final and true victory of the cult of the earth (the
grave: womb of Mother Earth)
was achieved trough christianization.
Supporters of incineration accept the belief of continuous trucking
soul, and advocates of entombment develop the idea of the resurrection of the buried
body. "Bonfire was
like guarantee of the resurrection." And the verb 'krsnuti', resurrect raised according to his
originally meaning "to shine, to show up in flames".
Compared with the (old) Slavic belief according to which "the faster
disassembles the body, earlyer the second world represented itself to the soul", the christian
teaching chose "compact" body as a sign of holiness and relic
expectation of the resurrection (of course, scrambled-renewed in epiuranian
soul) purified body. As a common source
in care practices around the body of the Serbs and Croats in Nodilo system of religion
grave appears Aryan (Indo-European) incineration, and in doing so,
of course, special emphasis on Indian burning.
Modes of burial and the appearance of a
gravestone memorials or monuments are determined
by sepulcarn (from the Latin sepulcrum, tomb) laws of the community and represent
the most intimate features of a culture. They are mostly based on religious
perceptions and understanding of the act of death and the afterlife. Other factors that
it determines are the place where one lives, the geographic and climatic conditions, and also
are important economic ability and social status.
Durkheim advocated the view that
hard surmountable thought about the disappearance suppressed ideas about life after death,
and the concept of the immortal soul as the result of understanding that is possible
individualization of a substance wich after the death is transferred to a newborn body.
Ancient people had no idea about God and the belief in immortality was
explanation of spiritual continuity.
Memory
The
graves are sites that allow the memory of those who are no longer with us. A visit to the cemetery, and the memory of our ancestors is part of the tradition all over the world. Everyone want these places a nicely decorated and maintained. Sometimes, people live nearby and have a considerable amount of time and access to such act on its own initiative at a time individually chosen. In some case, it is not so, and people
are simply powerless to do all they would like. This is the moment in which a man needs help, and there we are jumping in with the will, who will do all that you simply can not.
Possibility
Unfortunately, sometimes people are, for various reasons, unable to celebrate their memories as they wanted. Feasible is, of course, let such an act to someone else. Yet, in the absence of more complete solution, it is possible to defer such a half-solution, and let the necessary arrangement of
grave sites to those who have committed such something. Although we are not able to perform an act of remembrance,
we can decorate a home worthy of remembrance. Take, therefore, points to the opportunity to use our skills.